Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, occurs when the cells in someone’s fat, muscles, and liver don’t respond to insulin effectively. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. It supports the process through which glucose moves from the blood and into the cells to be used as energy. When this process is impaired, glucose levels in the blood get too high. In response, the pancreas will produce more insulin to compensate for the rising blood sugar levels, causing hyperinsulinemia.
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With insulin resistance, the body becomes hyperglycemic, meaning blood sugar levels are too high. Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to conditions such as prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, hyperglycemia is linked to cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
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Initially, someone with insulin resistance may not experience any symptoms. But with persistent hyperglycemia, individuals may experience things like frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurry vision, or yeast infections.
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Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to insulin resistance, but there are also several acquired causes of the condition. These include:
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Obesity. Excess body fat, specifically around the abdomen and organs (visceral fat), can increase one’s risk of insulin resistance.
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Poor diet. Intaking high amounts of carbohydrates, saturated fats, and processed foods is associated with insulin resistance.
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Low physical activity. Routine exercise and movement increase the body’s sensitivity to insulin. Additionally, physical activity helps to build muscle that in turn can absorb blood sugar. As such, low physical activity can lead to insulin resistance.